Nearly 150,000 Afghans have returned from Pakistan and Iran this year, exacerbating a severe humanitarian crisis already facing Afghanistan. The UN refugee agency, UNHCR, reported that these massive returns pose an alarming trend for the country’s already fragile situation. Arafat Jamal, the UNHCR representative to Afghanistan, stated that so far in 2023, more than 150,000 individuals have returned across borders, bringing the total since October to some 5.4 million.
This unprecedented influx is occurring amidst harsh winter conditions, including freezing temperatures and heavy snowfall. The surge has pushed Afghanistan deeper into crisis, with a deteriorating humanitarian situation, particularly concerning for women and girls, and a fragile economy that frequently experiences natural disasters.
The returnees often arrive at the border surrounded by family or alone, struggling to establish new lives amid poverty and environmental challenges. Jamal highlighted this precarious reality: “Whether returning under familial support or on their own, these Afghans must carve out a future in an Afghanistan beset by hardship.”
UNHCR estimates that the returns have increased over 50% from the previous year. A UNHCR survey revealed that most families lack basic documentation and many returnees survive on less than $5 per day. Jamal underscored his deep concern, noting that some who initially returned are now leaving again due to inability to rebuild a viable life.
In response, UNHCR is focused on supporting the reintegration of these returnees. However, critical funding remains unmet: the agency requires $216 million for its efforts in 2023, with current funding levels at just 8%. Jamal emphasized that this moment represents an urgent opportunity to address displacement and find long-term solutions for Afghan returnees within their homeland.
As Afghanistan grapples with these massive population shifts, UNHCR’s efforts underscore the need for comprehensive support and sustainable policies to mitigate ongoing crises.